Abstract In recent decades, an alarming increase in the number of sporotrichosis cases has been reported in southern and southeastern Brazil, especially in the state of Rio de Janeiro, has been considered a long-term hyperendemic condition associated with feline transmission. According to phenotypic classifications, the Sporothrix species recovered from cats were classified as S. brasiliensis in 96.5% of the studied cases. This finding has also been demonstrated in humans, which confirms the zoonotic transmission associated with this predominant species in Brazil. The zoonotic transmission of the fungus and its important virulence in the context of the hyperendemic situation in Rio de Janeiro have changed the approach to the disease, which in its classic form was restricted to certain professional groups and very specific regions in the Brazilian territory, into a public health challenge of scientific interest. Its atypical manifestations and hypersensitivity reactions are increasingly frequent, constituting a new sporotrichosis aspect, which deserves attention from the medical community, as well as from other health professionals.

É relatado um caso de micetoma actinomicótico por Nocardia asteroides, raro agente desta infecção no Brasil, acompanhado ao longo de 9 anos de evolução, com lesões extensas e profundas. As precárias condições sócio-econômicas do paciente tornaram a amputação a única solução viável para este caso, não tendo sido observados sinais de reci-diva da infecção em três anos após a cirurgia.

An extensive and severe actinomycetoma by Nocardia asteroides, a rare etiologic agent of this infection in Brazil, observed during a 9 year follow-up is reported. Unsuitable social and financial conditions led to amputation as the only possible solution for this case, no signs of infection relapse having been observed in three years after his surgery.

18 meninas internas do Orfanato Santo Antônio em Niterói apresentaram tinha do couro cabeludo causada por Trichophyton tonsurans (15 casos - 83,3%) e Microsporum canis (3 casos - 26,7%). São discutidos aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos desta microepidemia

18 girls from an orphanage (Orfanato Santo Antônio) in Niterói presented tinea capitis due to Trichophyton tonsurans (15 cases - 83.3%) and Microsporum canis (3 cases - 26.7%). Comments are made about clinical, mycological and therapeutic aspects of this microepidemy